.NET/ASP.NET/C#/VB.NET PDF Document SDK

ops$tkyte%ORA11GR2> set autotrace off As you can see, the sort was done entirely in memory, and in fact if we peek at our session's PGA/UGA usage, we can see how much we used: ops$tkyte%ORA11GR2> select a.name, to_char(b.value, '999,999,999') bytes, 2 to_char(round(b.value/1024/1024,1), '99,999.9' ) mbytes 3 from v$statname a, v$mystat b 4 where a.statistic# = b.statistic# 5 and a.name like '%ga memory%'; NAME BYTES MBYTES ------------------------------ ------------ --------session uga memory 1,367,116 1.3 session uga memory max 9,674,632 9.2 session pga memory 1,802,856 1.7 session pga memory max 10,257,000 9.8 We see the same 9-10MB of RAM we observed earlier in the prior test for sorting. Now we ll fill up that CHAR array we have in the package (a CHAR datatype is blank-padded so each of these array elements is exactly 2,000 characters in length): ops$tkyte%ORA11GR2> begin 2 for i in 1 .. 200000 3 loop 4 demo_pkg.g_data(i) := 'x'; 5 end loop; 6 end; 7 / PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. If we then measure our session's current PGA utilization, we find something similar to the following: ops$tkyte%ORA11GR2> select a.name, to_char(b.value, '999,999,999') bytes, 2 to_char(round(b.value/1024/1024,1), '99,999.9' ) mbytes 3 from v$statname a, v$mystat b 4 where a.statistic# = b.statistic# 5 and a.name like '%ga memory%'; NAME BYTES MBYTES ------------------------------ ------------ --------session uga memory 469,319,332 447.6

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async { let req = WebRequest.Create("http://moma.org/") let! resp = req.GetResponseAsync() let stream = resp.GetResponseStream() let reader = new StreamReader(stream) let! html = reader.ReadToEndAsync() html } is shorthand for the following code: async.Delay(fun () -> async.Let(WebRequest.Async("http://moma.org/"), (fun req -> async.Bind(req.GetResponseAsync(), (fun resp -> async.Let(resp.GetResponseStream(), (fun stream -> async.Let(new StreamReader(stream), (fun reader -> async.Bind(reader.ReadToEndAsync(), (fun html -> async.Return(html)))))))))) As you saw in 9, the key to understanding the F# workflow syntax is always to understand the meaning of let!. In the case of async workflows, let! executes one asynchronous computation and schedules the next computation for execution once the first asynchronous computation completes. This is syntactic sugar for the Bind operation on the async object.

469,319,332 470,188,648 470,188,648

447.6 448.4 448.4

Execute the asynchronous computation expr and bind its result to pat when it completes. If expr has type Async<'a>, then pat has type 'a. Equivalent to async.Bind(expr,(fun pat -> ...)). Execute an expression synchronously and bind its result to pat immediately. If expr has type 'a, then pat has type 'a. Equivalent to async.Let(expr,(fun pat -> ...)). Equivalent to let! () = expr. Equivalent to let () = expr. Evaluate the expression, and return its value as the result of the containing asynchronous workflow. Equivalent to async.Return(expr). Execute the expression as an asynchronous computation, and return its result as the overall result of the containing asynchronous workflow. Equivalent to expr. Execute the expression immediately, and bind its result immediately. Call the Dispose method on each variable bound in the pattern when the subsequent asynchronous workflow terminates, regardless of whether it terminates normally or by an exception. Equivalent to async.Using(expr,(fun pat -> ...)).

Now, that is memory allocated in the PGA that the database itself can t control We already exceeded the PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET set for the entire system in this single session and there is quite simply nothing the database can do about it It would have to fail our request if it did anything, and it will do that only when the OS reports back that there is no more memory to give If we wanted, we could allocate more space in that array and place more data in it, and the database would just have to do it for us However, the database is aware of what we have done It does not ignore the memory it can t control; it simply recognizes that the memory is being used and backs off the size of memory allocated for work areas accordingly.

So if we rerun the same sort query, we see that this time we sorted to disk the database did not give us the 9MB or so of RAM needed to do this in memory since we had already exceeded the PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET: ops$tkyte%ORA11GR2> set autotrace traceonly statistics; ops$tkyte%ORA11GR2> select * from t order by 1,2,3,4; 71917 rows selected Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------9 recursive calls 7 db block gets 1031 consistent gets 1055 physical reads 0 redo size 4078637 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 53154 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 4796 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 1 sorts (disk) 71917 rows processed ops$tkyte%ORA11GR2> set autotrace off So, because some PGA memory is outside of Oracle's control, it is easy to exceed the PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET simply by allocating lots of really large data structures in our PL/SQL code I am not recommending you do this by any means.